Appendix
H. Bibliography
References are formatted in APA 7th edition. All web sources were last accessed in May 2026 unless noted. Numbered superscripts in slide content follow order of first use.
African Development Bank Group. (2019, May 13). Nigeria: Pan African Solar Power Project, Katsina, ESIA Summary. https://www.afdb.org/en/documents/document/nigeria-pan-african-solar-power-project-katsina-esia-summary-100672
https://www.afdb.org/en/documents/document/nigeria-pan-african-solar-power-project-katsina-esia-summary-100672Al Jazeera. (2022, July 12). Nigerian businesses turn to solar sources amid high diesel costs. https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/7/12/nigerian-businesses-turn-to-solar-as-diesel-costs-bite
https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/7/12/nigerian-businesses-turn-to-solar-as-diesel-costs-biteAllAfrica. (2001, February 16). Nigeria: Unending tales of Enron, Lagos IPP. https://allafrica.com/stories/200102160461.html
https://allafrica.com/stories/200102160461.htmlCBC News. (2024). Halifax-based Jaza Energy expanding solar across Sub-Saharan Africa.
Chung, E. (2026, April 6). Solar power in Africa is heating up, thanks in part to chili peppers. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/grid-solar-africa-9.7126087
https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/grid-solar-africa-9.7126087Devex. (n.d.). JCM Power. Retrieved May 26, 2026, from https://www.devex.com/organizations/jcm-power-104338
https://www.devex.com/organizations/jcm-power-104338Enron Nigeria Power Holding, Ltd. v. Federal Republic of Nigeria, 844 F.3d 281 (D.C. Cir. 2016).
Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation. (2024, February 10). President Tinubu assents to Electricity Act (Amendment) Bill. https://fmino.gov.ng/president-tinubu-assents-to-electricity-act-amendment-bill/
https://fmino.gov.ng/president-tinubu-assents-to-electricity-act-amendment-bill/Federal Republic of Nigeria. (2023). Electricity Act, 2023. Federal Government Printer.
Hofstede, G. (n.d.). Country comparison bar charts. Retrieved May 27, 2026, from https://geerthofstede.com/country-comparison-bar-charts/
https://geerthofstede.com/country-comparison-bar-charts/Intelpoint. (2025). Nigeria’s naira depreciated by 129% in 2024, hitting an average of 1,479 NGN per US$. https://intelpoint.co/insights/nigerias-naira-depreciated-by-129-in-2024-hitting-an-average-of-1479-ngn-per-us/
https://intelpoint.co/insights/nigerias-naira-depreciated-by-129-in-2024-hitting-an-average-of-1479-ngn-per-us/International Finance Corporation. (2024). Canada-IFC Renewable Energy Program for Africa. IFC.
Investors King. (2026, April 10). Nigeria targets 6.5% grid loss as NERC issues new efficiency directive to TCN. https://investorsking.com/2026/04/10/nigeria-targets-6-5-grid-loss-as-nerc-issues-new-efficiency-directive-to-tcn/
https://investorsking.com/2026/04/10/nigeria-targets-6-5-grid-loss-as-nerc-issues-new-efficiency-directive-to-tcn/JCM Power. (n.d.). Katsina. https://www.jcmpower.ca/katsina
https://www.jcmpower.ca/katsinaJCM Power. (n.d.). Salima Solar & Golomoti Solar (Malawi). JCM Power. https://jcmpower.ca
https://jcmpower.caJeremiah, K., & Musa, W. (2025, January 27). Reforms, not increased funding, critical to boosting power transmission. The Guardian (Nigeria).
Lagos Metropolitan. (2021, August 13). Lagos State makes another attempt at state-driven stable and efficient power supply. https://lagosmetropolitan.com/2021/08/13/lagos-state-makes-another-attempt-at-state-driven-stable-and-efficient-power-supply-by-2023/
https://lagosmetropolitan.com/2021/08/13/lagos-state-makes-another-attempt-at-state-driven-stable-and-efficient-power-supply-by-2023/Majorwaves Energy Report. (2023, June 12). Tinubu signs Electricity Act 2023 into law. https://www.majorwavesenergyreport.com/tinubu-signs-electricity-act-2023-into-law/
https://www.majorwavesenergyreport.com/tinubu-signs-electricity-act-2023-into-law/Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. (2025, December). Konexa NBP2 and Solar Project. World Bank Group. https://www.miga.org/project/konexa-nbp2-and-solar-project
https://www.miga.org/project/konexa-nbp2-and-solar-projectOlabode, O. (2022). An assessment of public procurement process of Enron Nigeria Power Holdings electrification project. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering.
Porter, M. E. (1979). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 57(2), 137–145.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Free Press.
Punch Newspapers. (2026, April 2). Lagos plans mass migration to solar amid power outages. https://punchng.com/lagos-plans-mass-migration-to-solar-amid-power-outages/
https://punchng.com/lagos-plans-mass-migration-to-solar-amid-power-outages/PV Tech. (2016, July 11). Nigeria signs first ever solar PPA. https://www.pv-tech.org/nigeria-signs-first-ever-solar-ppa/
https://www.pv-tech.org/nigeria-signs-first-ever-solar-ppa/Solarplaza. (2016). How Nigeria is expanding its solar footprints. https://www.solarplaza.com/resource/11623/how-nigeria-expanding-its-solar-footprints/
https://www.solarplaza.com/resource/11623/how-nigeria-expanding-its-solar-footprints/STOA Infra & Energy. (2024, December 16). JCM Power. https://www.stoainfraenergy.com/en/portfolio/multi-regions-jcm-power/
https://www.stoainfraenergy.com/en/portfolio/multi-regions-jcm-power/Sustainable Energy for All. (2024, October 5). SEforALL study details fossil fuel generator usage in Lagos State to support transition planning and investment in clean energy. https://www.seforall.org/news/seforall-study-details-fossil-fuel-generator-usage-in-lagos-state-to-support-transition
https://www.seforall.org/news/seforall-study-details-fossil-fuel-generator-usage-in-lagos-state-to-support-transitionTech In Africa. (2025, May 30). Konexa’s $80 million solar project backed by SCAF signals a major boost for Nigeria’s energy transition. https://www.techinafrica.com/konexas-80-million-solar-project-backed-by-scaf-signals-a-major-boost-for-nigerias-energy-transition/
https://www.techinafrica.com/konexas-80-million-solar-project-backed-by-scaf-signals-a-major-boost-for-nigerias-energy-transition/Techpoint Africa. (2025, July 10). 10 top solar companies in Nigeria 2025. https://techpoint.africa/guide/top-solar-companies-nigeria/
https://techpoint.africa/guide/top-solar-companies-nigeria/The News Nigeria. (2023, June 9). As Tinubu signs Act, individuals, states, companies can now generate electricity. https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/06/09/as-tinubu-signs-act-individuals-states-companies-can-now-generate-electricity/
https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2023/06/09/as-tinubu-signs-act-individuals-states-companies-can-now-generate-electricity/The Whistler. (2025, March 15). Lagos residents spend N5.3tn annually to power generators. https://thewhistler.ng/lagos-residents-spend-n5-3tn-annually-to-power-generators-report/
https://thewhistler.ng/lagos-residents-spend-n5-3tn-annually-to-power-generators-report/ThisDay. (2022, April 25). Six years after signing 1125MW power purchase deals, 14 firms fail to get funding. https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/04/25/six-years-after-signing-1125mw-power-purchase-deals-14-firms-fail-to-get-funding/
https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/04/25/six-years-after-signing-1125mw-power-purchase-deals-14-firms-fail-to-get-funding/ThisDay. (2026, January 18). Nigeria’s electricity paradox and the unanswered question of 2026. https://www.thisdaylive.com/2026/01/18/nigerias-electricity-paradox-and-the-unanswered-question-of-2026/
https://www.thisdaylive.com/2026/01/18/nigerias-electricity-paradox-and-the-unanswered-question-of-2026/Transmission Company of Nigeria. (2025). 2025 end-of-year goodwill message: Reflecting on a year of progress. TCN.
Valuechain. (2025, January 6). 2025 economic outlook: Power sector, the darkness thickens. https://www.thevaluechainng.com/2025-economic-outlook-power-sector-the-darkness-thickens/
https://www.thevaluechainng.com/2025-economic-outlook-power-sector-the-darkness-thickens/Voice of Nigeria. (2025, December 22). TCN boosts power transmission capacity in 2025. https://von.gov.ng/tcn-boosts-power-transmission-capacity-in-2025/
https://von.gov.ng/tcn-boosts-power-transmission-capacity-in-2025/World Bank. (2024). Access to electricity (% of population): Nigeria. World Development Indicators. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?locations=NG
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?locations=NGWorld Bank. (2024). Nigeria Distributed Access through Renewable Energy Scale-up (DARES) Project. World Bank Group.
World Energy. (2022). Starsight to expand hybrid solar for C&I in Nigeria and Ghana. https://www.world-energy.org/article/15342.html
https://www.world-energy.org/article/15342.html